BRIDGE ENGINEERING FOR ALL CIVIL STUDENTS
INTRODUCTION: Bridge is a man made structure built to avoid physical obstacles without closing the way underneath such as river, valley, road, canal, railway, etc. PURPOSE: The purpose for construct a bridge is providing passage over an obstacle. HISTORY: The first bridge is made by humans were probably spans of cut wooden logs, planks, eventually stones using simple supported or crossbeams arrangement. The Romans were built arch bridge and aquaducts by using cement which is reduced in the variation of strength in natural stones. PARTS: Bridge is generally divided into 3 parts:- Foundation Sub-structure Super-structure NOTE:- Foundation is the lowest part of the bridge structure,which bears the load from the sub structure. Sub-structure is the middle part of the bridge which consist piers, abutments and wing wall components . The components up to the level of bearing is called substructure. Sub structure is transfer the load from the super structure to the foundation. Super-struct...